HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Sample Answer for HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment Included After Question

Search the GCU Library and find two new health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles from a previous assignment, or articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook.

Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis: Part 2” template.

Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in

HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 2,” for an example of an article analysis.

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While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

A Sample Answer For the Assignment: HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Title: HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Article Analysis 2

References

Jung, S., Kim, M. K., Shin, J., Lee, N., Woo, H. W., Choi, B. Y., … & Lee, Y. H. (2020). Positive association of alcohol consumption with incidence of hypertension in adults aged 40 years and over: Use of repeated alcohol consumption measurements. Clinical Nutrition, 39(10), 3125-3131. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261561420300431

Singh, G. M., Danaei, G., Farzadfar, F., Stevens, G. A., Woodward, M., Wormser, D., … & Prospective Studies Collaboration (PSC). (2018). The age-specific quantitative effects of metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a pooled analysis. PloS one, 8(7), e65174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065174

Zhu, W., Wu, Y., Meng, Y. F., Xing, Q., Tao, J. J., & Lu, J. (2018). Association of obesity and risk of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes patients: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine, 97(32). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133614/

HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Search the GCU Library and find two new health care articles that use quantitative research. Do not use articles from a previous assignment, or articles that appear in the Topic Materials or textbook.

Complete an article analysis for each using the “Article Analysis: Part 2” template.

Refer to the “Patient Preference and Satisfaction in Hospital-at-Home and Usual Hospital Care for COPD Exacerbations: Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial,” in

HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment conjunction with the “Article Analysis Example 2,” for an example of an article analysis.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Title: HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Article Analysis 2

References

• Aga, T. B., Ferede, Y. M., & Mekonen, E. G. (2021). Satisfaction and associated factors towards inpatient health care services among adult patients at Pawie General Hospital, West Ethiopia. Plos one, 16(4), e0249168. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249168
• Saenger, P., Federman, A. D., DeCherrie, L. V., Lubetsky, S., Catalan, E., Leff, B., & Siu, A. L. (2020). Choosing inpatient vs home treatment: why patients accept or decline Hospital at home. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(7), 1579-1583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16486

Description

Course Code      Class Code          Assignment Title             Total Points

HLT-362V           HLT-362V-OL191             Article Analysis 2             130.0

Criteria Percentage         1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%)             2: Less Than Satisfactory (65.00%)     3: Satisfactory (75.00%) 4: Good (85.00%)            5: Excellent (100.00%)

Content              100.0%

Two Quantitative Articles            10.0%   Fewer than two articles are presented. None of the articles presented use quantitative research.             N/A       Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one articles are based on quantitative research     N/A       Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on quantitative research. HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Article Citation and Permalink    10.0%   Article citation and permalink are omitted.             Article citation and permalink are presented. There are significant errors. Page numbers are not indicated to cite information, or the page numbers are incorrect.       Article citation and permalink are presented. Article citation is presented in APA format, but there are errors. Page numbers to cite information are missing, or incorrect, in some areas.         Article citation and permalink are presented. Article citation is presented in APA format. Page numbers are used in to cite information. There are minor errors.              Article citation and permalink are presented. Article citation is accurately presented in APA format. Page numbers are accurate and used in all areas when citing information.

Broad Topic Area/Title   10.0%   Broad topic area and title are omitted.   Broad topic area and title are referenced but are incomplete.   Broad topic area and title are summarized. There are some minor inaccuracies.            Broad topic area and title are presented. There are some minor errors, but the content overall is accurate.         Broad topic area and title are fully presented and accurate.

Hypothesis         10.0%   Definition of hypothesis is omitted. The definition of the hypothesis is incorrect.         Hypothesis is summarized. There are major inaccuracies or omissions.          Hypothesis is generally defined. There are some minor inaccuracies.            Hypothesis is defined. Hypothesis is generally defined. There are some minor inaccuracies.      Hypothesis is accurate and clearly defined.

Independent and Dependent Variable Type and Data for Variable             10.0%              Variable types and data for variables are omitted.            Variable types and data for variables are presented. There are major inaccuracies or omissions.         Variable types and data for variables are presented. There are inaccuracies.     Variable types and data for variables are presented. Minor detail is needed for accuracy.     Variable types and data for variables are presented and accurate.

Population of Interest for the Study        10.0%   Population of interest for the study is omitted.             Population of interest for the study is presented. There are major inaccuracies or omissions.         Population of interest for the study is presented. There are inaccuracies.          Population of interest for the study is presented. Minor detail is needed for accuracy. Population of interest for the study is presented and accurate.

Sample 10.0%   Sample is omitted.          Sample is presented. There are major inaccuracies or omissions.          Sample is presented. There are inaccuracies.              Sample is presented. Minor detail is needed for accuracy. Page citation for sample information is provided.        Sample is presented and accurate. Page citation for sample information is provided.

Sampling Method           10.0%   Sampling method is omitted.      Sampling is presented. There are major inaccuracies or omissions.   Sampling is presented. There are inaccuracies. Page citation for sample information is omitted.              Sampling is presented. Minor detail is needed for accuracy.              Sampling method is presented and accurate.

HLT 362V Topic 1 Discussion 1

Discuss the historical application of statistics in the field of health care. Describe an example, other than Florence Nightingale’s contributions, where statistical application has greatly influenced or changed health care operations or practice.

It is important for individuals working in health care to understand statistical concepts in order to effectively utilize data to improve health outcomes. Statistical data is used to inform decision making and provide evidence-based practice. For example, as a Registered Nurse (RN), I am expected to review statistical data regarding patient outcomes and safety. This data serves to inform the nursing practice and guide decision making. For example, a study conducted in 2020 found that nurses who utilized evidence-based practice had a decreased incidence of healthcare-associated infections in comparison to those who did not (Liu et al., 2020). As a practitioner, I am expected to utilize this data to provide the best possible care for my patients. Furthermore, I am expected to analyze the data to identify any necessary changes in practice that may need to be implemented.

In addition, statistical data is used to inform the development and implementation of policies and procedures. For example, a study conducted in 2020 found that nurses who received education on the implementation of evidence-based practice had improved patient outcomes (Xu et al., 2020). As a practitioner, I am expected to review and analyze this data in order to provide the best possible care for my patients. Additionally, I am expected to use this data to inform the development and implementation of policies and procedures. This ensures that the policies and procedures are evidence-based and are reflective of the most current best practices.

References

Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, L., Zhang, L., Zeng, P., & Wang, J. (2020). Application of evidence-based nursing practice in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review. BMC Nursing, 19(1). doi:10.1186/s12912-020-00490-3

Xu, X., Zhang, X., Feng, W., & Chen, L. (2020). Effects of evidence-based nursing practice education on patient outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 26(3). doi:10.1111/ijn.12899

HLT362V Topic 1 Discussion 2

Discuss why it is important for a person working in health care to understand statistical concepts.  Provide an example of how statistical data is used in your organization or specialty area today and what you are expected to do with this information as a practitioner.

HLT 362V TOPIC 2 DISCUSSION 1

Select a research article, other than the articles from your assignments, from the GCU library. Provide an overview of the study and describe the strategy that was used to select the sample from the population. Evaluate the effectiveness of the sampling method selected. Provide support for your answer. Include the article title and permalink in your post.

HLT362V Topic 2 Discussion 2

Using the research article selected for DQ 1, identify three key questions you will ask and answer when reading the research study and why these questions are important. When responding to peers, provide other questions and answers that could be considered in relation to the peers’ studies.

HLT362V TOPIC 3 DISCUSSION 1

Provide two different examples of how research uses hypothesis testing, and describe the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis. Discuss why this is important in your practice and with patient interactions.

In research, hypothesis testing is vital. It helps us to determine whether something actually took place, whether certain treatments are effective, whether groups differ from one another, or whether one variable predicts another. For example, hypothesis testing in research is used to evaluate the strength of evidence from the sample. It provides a framework for making determinations related to the population. i.e., it provides a method for understanding the reliability of extrapolating observed findings in a sample to the larger population that the sample was drawn from.

As an example, a jury must use evidence to decide whether a defendant is innocent or guilty in a criminal trial where two possible truths exist. If a jury returns a verdict of not guilty, then it does not necessarily mean the defendant is innocent. The burden of proof does not appear to have been met, in other words. For hypothesis testing, the investigator sets the burden by selecting the level of significance for the test, which is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it’s true It is assumed that the null hypothesis is correct until there is enough evidence to suggest otherwise.

After performing a hypothesis test, there are only two possible outcomes. When the p-value is less than or equal to your significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected. The data favor the alternative hypothesis. If statistical analysis shows that the significance level is below the cut-off value that has been set, we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis.

Hypothesis testing serves an imperative role in empirical research and evidence-based medicine in clinical practice, where there is interaction with patients. A well-worked hypothesis is half the answer to the research question. For this, both knowledge of the subject derived from an extensive review of the literature and a working knowledge of basic statistical concepts are desirable.

In some applications, hypothesis testing is used to determine whether two groups are different from each other. A special case of hypothesis testing involves evaluating a group of samples to determine whether a particular standard or other requirement is being met. Therefore, hypotheses have a direct impact on the quality of healthcare and patient outcomes.

References

• Banerjee, A., Chitnis, U. B., Jadhav, S. L., Bhawalkar, J. S., & Chaudhury, S. (2009). Hypothesis testing, type I and type II errors. Industrial psychiatry journal, 18(2), 127. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21180491/
• Sacha, V., & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2016). Insights in hypothesis testing and making decisions in biomedical research. The open cardiovascular medicine journal, 10, 196. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5054503

A Sample Answer 2 For the Assignment: HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Title: HLT 362 Article Analysis 2 Assignment

Hypothesis testing is used in research to test the validity, claim, or assumption about a population or subject. The general steps of a hypothesis include formulating the hypothesis which is the claim of how something will or won’t be affected by an external factor. Second, determine the significance of the hypothesis. From here the researcher can determine the appropriate test statistic, collect, and analyze the data, make an educated decision, and draw their conclusion. Generally speaking, there are three types of hypothesis testing. These include null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, and significance level (YourDictionary, 2022). The null hypothesis states that there will be little to no effect in the sample being studied. An example would be that the null hypothesis would say that a new medication will have no effect on a patient’s outcome, while an alternative hypothesis would say the opposite. The medication will have an effect.

I think of a null hypothesis as sort of a differential diagnosis. Essentially, the null hypothesis only serves as a foundation to compare things to. It is just a starting point for researchers. Likewise, the alternative hypothesis is the exact opposite. It will contradict the null hypothesis and it will be used to support a claim about the sample population being studied. The alternative hypothesis serves to provide a clear claim that can then be tested in its validity by gathering and analyzing data.

As it relates to patients and patient interactions, hypotheses strengthen the quantitative studies thereby increasing the amount of dependable knowledge we as healthcare providers have. This explains how providers are able to predict and control patient phenomena as well as test theories relating to patients and their cases (Lash et. al, 2018).

HLT362V Topic 3 Discussion 2

Evaluate and provide examples of how hypothesis testing and confidence intervals are use together in health care research. Provide a workplace example that illustrates your ideas.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING :  Hypothesis testing is an act in statistics whereby an analyst tests an assumption regarding a population parameter. The methodology  employed by the analyst depends on the nature of the data used and the reason for the analysis. Hypothesis testing is used to infer the result of a hypothesis performed on sample data from a larger population. In some applications, hypothesis testing is used to determine whether two groups are different from each other. In such exercises, there are always two possible conclusions. One is called the null hypothesis and the other one is called the alternative hypothesis. For example, packaging sealed at two different temperature settings could be tested to determine whether temperature has a significant effect on seal strength. In this example, H0, which is the null hypothesis, would indicate that the two groups are equal. I.e., temperature has a significant effect on seal strength, while HA would indicate that the two groups were different I.e., sealing temperatures has a significant on seal strength. A special case of hypothesis testing involves evaluating a group of samples to determine whether a standard or other requirement is being met or not. It is form of hypothesis that is used for validation studies.

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS: A confidence Interval refers to the amount of uncertainty associated with a sample population estimate (the mean or proportion) of a true population. It is a range of values calculated from the observed data, which is likely to contain the true value at a specified probability. The probability is chosen by the investigators and is equal to 1-alpha. Thus, for investigation that uses an alpha of .05, the corresponding interval will be a 95% corresponding Interval.  Confidence Intervals provide information that may be used to test hypothesis, as well as additional information related to precision, power, sample size and effect size. Confidence Intervals may be constructed around a point estimate representing a categorical variable, such as the proportion of individuals who respond favorably to an intervention and around epidemiological measures of effect such as a relative risk or odds ratio.

REFERENCES

Sim J. (1999). Statistical inference by confidence intervals: Issues of interpretation and utilization.

HLT362V TOPIC 4 DISCUSSION 1

Provide an example of experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental research from the GCU Library and explain how each research type differs from the others. When replying to peers, evaluate the effectiveness of the research design of the study for two of the examples provided.

HLT362V Topic 4 Discussion 2

Describe the difference between research and quality improvement. Provide a workplace example where qualitative and quantitative research is …..and how it was use within your organization. When replying to peers, discuss how these research findings might be incorporated into another health care setting.

HLT362V TOPIC 5 DISCUSSION 1

Describe how epidemiological data influences changes in health practices. Provide an example and explain what data would be necessary to make a change in practice.

HLT362V Topic 5 Discussion 2

Discuss ways your organization uses technology to gather patient and health care information, and how this information and data are use to direct patient care and outcomes.

Exercise 14

Understanding Simple Linear Regression

• According to the study narrative and Figure 1 in the Flannigan et al. (2014) study, does the APLS UK formulae under- or overestimate the weight of children younger than 1 year of age? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• Using the values a = 3.161 and b = 0.502 with the novel formula in Figure 1, what is the … weight in kilograms (kg) for a child at 9 months of age? Show your calculations.
• Using the values a = 3.161 and b = 0.502 with the novel formula in Figure 1, what is the … weight in kilograms for a child at 2 months of age? Show your calculations.
• In Figure 2, the formula for calculating y (weight in kg) is Weight in kg = (0.176 × age in months) + 7.241. Identify the y intercept and the slope in this formula.
• Using the values a = 7.241 and b = 0.176 with the novel formula in Figure 2, what is the … weight in kilograms for a child 3 years of age? Show your calculations.
• Using the values a = 7.241 and b = 0.176 with the novel formula in Figure 2, what is the … weight in kilograms for a child 5 years of age? Show your calculations.
• In Figure 3, some of the actual mean weights represented by the blue line with squares are above the dotted straight line for the novel formula, but others are below the straight line. Is this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• In Figure 3, the novel formula is (Weight in kilograms = (0.331 × Age in months) – 6.868. What is the predicted weight in kilograms for a child 10 years old? Show your calculations.
• Was the sample size of this study adequate for conducting simple linear regression? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• Describe one potential clinical advantage and one potential clinical problem with using the three novel formulas presented in Figures 1, 2, and 3 in a PICU setting.

Exercise 19

• According to the relevant study results section of the Darling-Fisher et al. (2014) study, what categories are reported to be statistically significant?
• What level of measurement is appropriate for calculating the χ2 statistic? Give two exam¬ples from Table 2 of demographic variables measured at the level appropriate for χ2.
• What is the χ2 for U.S. practice region? Is the χ2 value statistically significant? Provide a rationale for your answer. X2= 29.68; p= <.00
• What is the df for provider type? Provide a rationale for why the df for provider type pre¬sented in Table 2 is correct.
• Is there a statistically significant difference for practice setting between the Rapid Assessment for Adolescent Preventive Services (RAAPS) users and nonusers? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• State the null hypothesis for provider age in years for RAAPS users and RAAPS nonusers.
• Should the null hypothesis for provider age in years developed for Question 6 be accepted or rejected? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• Describe at least one clinical advantage and one clinical challenge of using RAAPS as described by Darling-Fisher et al. (2014).
• How many null hypotheses are rejected in the Darling-Fisher et al. (2014) study for the results presented in Table 2? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• A statistically significant difference is present between RAAPS users and RAAPS nonusers for U.S. practice region, χ2 = 29.68. Does the χ2 result provide the location of the difference? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Exercise 29

• If you have access to SPSS, compute the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality for the variable age (as demonstrated in Exercise 26). If you do not have access to SPSS, plot the frequency distributions by hand. What do the results indicate?
• State the null hypothesis where age at enrollment is used to predict the time for comple¬tion of an RN to BSN program.
• What is b as computed by hand (or using SPSS)?
• What is a as computed by hand (or using SPSS)?
• Write the new regression equation.
• How would you characterize the magnitude of the obtained R2 value? Provide a rationale for your answer.
• How much variance in months to RN to BSN program completion is explained by knowing the student’s enrollment age?
• What was the correlation between the actual y values and the predicted y values using the new regression equation in the example?
• Write your interpretation of the results as you would in an APA-formatted journal.
• Given the results of your analyses, would you use the calculated regression equation to predict future students’ program completion time by using enrollment age as x? Provide a rationale for your answer.

HLT 362V Module 1 Mean Variance Standard Deviation

Please type you answer in the cell beside the question.

1. Identify the sampling technique being used. Every 20th patient that comes into the emergency room is given a satisfaction survey upon their discharge.
2. random sampling
3. cluster sampling
4. systematic sampling
5. stratified sampling
6. none of the above
7. The formula for finding the sample mean is ______________.
8. The formula for finding sample standard deviation is ________________.

 HLT 362V Module 1 Exercise 16 Done

1- The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement? (Your choices are: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval/ratio, or Experimental)

2- What was the mean posttest empowerment score for the control group?

3- Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.

4- Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group. Do these scores strengthen or weaken the validity of the research results? Provide a rationale for your answer.

5- Which group’s test scores had the least amount of variability or dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6 – Did the empowerment variable or self-care self-efficacy variable demonstrate the greatest amount of dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.

7 – The mean (X ̅) is a measure of a distribution while the SD is a measure of its scores. Both X ̅ and SD are statistics.

8 – What was the mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects? What was the dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity scores? Did the severity scores vary significantly between the control and the experimental groups? Is this important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

9 – Which variable was least affected by the empowerment program? Provide a rationale for your answer.

10 – Was it important for the researchers to include the total means and SDs for the study variables in Table 2 to promote the readers’ understanding of the study results? Provide a rationale for your answer.

HLT 362V M2 Population Sampling Distribution

For a normal distribution that has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 8. Determine the Z-score for each of the following X values:

X = 108

X = 112

X = 98

X = 70

X = 124

Use the information in 1 A to determine the area or probability of the following:

P(x > 108)

P(x

Article Analysis 2

References

Aga, T. B., Ferede, Y. M., & Mekonen, E. G. (2021). Satisfaction and associated factors towards inpatient health care services among adult patients at Pawie General Hospital, West Ethiopia. Plos one, 16(4), e0249168. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249168

Saenger, P., Federman, A. D., DeCherrie, L. V., Lubetsky, S., Catalan, E., Leff, B., & Siu, A. L. (2020). Choosing inpatient vs home treatment: why patients accept or decline Hospital at home. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(7), 1579-1583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16486